IMPACT OF BREAST CANCER SCREENING ON PATIENTS’ SURVIVAL RATE: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Abstract

Breast cancer is a type of cancer that develops in the breast tissue and is commonly detected, especially in women. Approximately one out of every 10 diagnosed cancer cases is reported as breast cancer. In 2020, there were 2.3 million cases of breast cancer detected, resulting in 685,000 deaths within the same year. Early detection of breast cancer is crucial and can be achieved through various screening programs. These programs utilize different methods, ranging from the simplest and quickest method, which is breast self-examination, to more complex instrument-based methods like mammograms. Screening is the primary tool for detecting breast cancer at an early stage, even before patients experience any symptoms. This early detection allows for more successful and beneficial treatment, increasing the chances of survival and reducing the risk of death from breast cancer. The ultimate goal of breast cancer screening is to detect cancer in its preclinical stage when no symptoms are felt or seen by the patients. This early diagnosis leads to more effective treatment outcomes. According to the American Cancer Society, the 5-year relative survival rate for localized breast cancer, which means the cancer has not spread outside the breast, is 99 percent. It's important to note that different screening options are available, and the choice of the right method depends on factors such as a woman's age, the presence of risk factors, and availability. However, screening also carries some risks, including false-positive test results and overdiagnosis of harmless lesions.